On average, the volunteers had been afraid of heights for 30 years, the team reported in the journal Lancet Psychiatry.
After six weeks, those who got no treatment remained just as afraid of heights as they had always been, as measured by a standard questionnaire. But 34 of the 49 volunteers who did the virtual reality found they were no longer afraid of heights.
Real-life exposure to heights has verified this, Freeman said.
“On average, fear of heights came down by two thirds. Three quarters of people showed at least a halving in their fear of heights,” Freeman said.
“Afterwards, people even found they could go to places that they wouldn’t have imagined possible, such as walk up a steep mountain, go with their children on a rope bridge, or simply use an escalator in a shopping center without fear.”
The software can be whimsical, offering scenarios from walking across a virtual rope bridge to rescuing a cat from a limb. Freeman said the experiences are meant to strongly immerse people in a sensation of height and then encourage them to challenge their reluctance to take part.
The virtual therapist talks the patients through, using cognitive therapy techniques to alter their perception of the experience.
Freeman says his team is trying the approach to help a range of mental health conditions, including schizophrenia.
A hand pets a cat on a limb in virtual reality.Oxford VR at University of Oxford
“VR has extraordinary potential to help people overcome mental health problems because it gets to the heart of successful treatment: making people feel better in everyday life,” he said in a written statement.
“In VR, people can repeatedly enter simulations of the everyday situations that trouble them and be guided in the very best ways to think, feel, and behave.”
Too few therapists to meet demand
Virtual therapy had been used before to help people overcome a fear of heights, but always with the guidance of a mental health professional, Freeman said. The virtual reality was more of an aid than a treatment itself.
Not everyone has access to that kind of care and not everyone wants to go see a therapist, he said. Virtual reality software, with high-quality equipment, could help more people.
“There are too few skilled therapists delivering the best treatments to meet the high demand, meaning that millions of people are left waiting for the right help,” Freeman said.
“It is also notable that instead of the traditional approach of weekly sessions with a therapist, you can really speed up progress by having daily sessions with a VR treatment.”
And, he said, the volunteers liked it.
“We’ve found that patients are really very enthusiastic for VR treatments,” he said.
The approach will have to be tested in more people, he said. It’s possible that the kind of people who volunteer for such experiments are more likely to respond to them.
And it’s possible that a fear of heights is especially easy to treat with this kind of approach. Other mental health conditions may be more of a challenge, the team said.
But fear of heights is very common.
“One in five people report having experienced a strong unreasonable fear of heights and one in twenty people reach clinical criteria for acrophobia,” Freeman said.
For now, Oxford has spun off the technology into a company, Oxford VR, which will work with Britain’s National Health Service to provide virtual reality services in medical offices.
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